Dentistry is a health-care profession, provides oral care as physician does. Currently, due to transient transformation in dental practice, dentistry reached its zenith level. In this segment, moral and legal aspect is one of the leading concerns in dental practice management. The duties of dentist are allied with many confront along with regulations of moral and legal compliance. The aim of this article is to endow with uncomplicated explanations of dissimilar attitude and knowledge of morality that might affect the dental profession as a whole. The literature on acuity of morality in dental practice management was identified by searching the biomedical databases as a primary research material. The databases were searched for publications from 2001 to 2016, with key articles obtained primarily from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The literature for the present review was obtained from the following sources such as published articles, unpublished literature, internet news clippings, and online manuals and books.

The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is increasing worldwide. Impaired oral health could have a negative impact on the overall health of infants. ECC can continue to deteriorate the growth and development of the child in preschool stage. Feeding practices largely influence the occurrence of ECC. Infant formula is commonly used as supplements or substitutes for breast milk up to the first 2 years of age. The dietary sugars such as lactose and sucrose, present in the infant formula, could act as a favorable substrate and change the oral microflora. Infant formula constitutes of various minerals which are known to affect tooth mineralization including iron, fluoride, and calcium. A number of in vitro, animal, and human studies have been conducted to understand their effect on oral environment and microbiota. Exploring the scientific literature for different types of infant formula and their role in the etiopathogenesis of dental caries could give us an insight into the cariogenic potential of infant formula. Furthermore, this could be source of information for health practitioners as they are the ones who are first sought by parents for advice related to infant feeding.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare and correlate the primary stabilities of dental implants using torque wrench and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Materials and Methods: A total of ten patients with partial edentulous condition (Kennedy's Class I, II, and III conditions) in relation to posterior mandibular arch were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only the implants positioned in the first molar region were considered for the study (one implant in each patient) to avoid bone density-related bias. Insertion torque values were recorded using a standard spring-loaded torque wrench. RFA at the time of placement was evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: Linear correlation graph was drawn and statistical analysis was carried out using Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: Statistical analysis between the maximum insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values with Mann–Whitney U-test indicated statistical significance (P = 0.0002). Linear correlation graph indicated statistical significance (P = 0.0005; r = 0.8951). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, a positive correlation is observed between implant insertion torque and ISQ values measured with RFA.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a group of condition affecting the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and the adjacent structures. The etiology of TMD in children and adolescents is considered multifactorial in nature and has been related to trauma, malocclusion, and parafunctional habits. Aim: The aim of this study is to find whether harmful oral habits are associated with sign and symptoms of TMD among adolescents in Wardha district. Materials and Methods: A short-span study was conducted in Wardha, Maharashtra. A self-administered based study was done among 200 adolescents which comprised of 107 females and 93 males. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire and clinical oral examination that was conducted. The questionnaire was consist of knowledge responses (yes/no) and attitude responses (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always). Chi-square test was used to perform statistical analysis and level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The main method used was self-administered questionnaires with sample characteristics of 53.5% female and 46.5% male. Population was divided into two age groups. Total number of adolescents in age Group 1 (9–14 years) was 85 and age Group 2 (15–19 years) was 115. Seventy-seven (38.5%) adolescent reported no sign and symptoms of TMD and rest of them reported yes to at least one statement of questionnaire. Bruxism (67%) was the most frequently observed habit whereas chewing gums (5%) as the least observed habit. Statistically significant gender difference was not observed in the questionnaire. Higher frequency of TMD symptoms was reported in the age group of 15–19 years. Sixteen (8%) subjects reported nonparafunctional habits whereas 184 (92%) subjects had parafunctional habits. During clinical examination, muscle sensitivity to palpation was most frequent sign in the age of group 15–19 years with P = 0.023. Higher severity was reported are morning facial pain, pain while chewing, clicking sound, and using one side while chewing. Conclusion: Result shows that there was no association between parafunctional habits and signs and symptom of TMD. In age group of 15–19 years, it was statistically significant. Hence, while treating patient dentist should give attention to parafunctional habits in this age group especially.

Background: Zygomatic complex fractures (ZMCF) are treated by various closed and open reduction procedures. The common goal, however, is to achieve three-dimensional stability of the fractured zygoma. Patients and Methods: All cases diagnosed with ZMCF were included in this study over a 10-year-period starting from December 2002 to December 2012 at Riyadh Dental Centre, King Saud Medical City-Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patient's gender, age, etiology, and type of treatment modality of the zygomatic bone fracture were retrieved and recorded. Data were stored and statistically analyzed using SPSS (ver. 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results were presented as simple frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 306 patients were diagnosed with ZMCF during the study period. There were 271 (88.6%) males and 35 (11.4%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 7.7:1. Age range of 21–30 years had the highest number of maxillofacial fracture. A total of 62 (20.3%) cases were treated by closed reduction while 235 (76.8%) cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using titanium miniplate (2.0 mm) and screws. Combination of treatment modalities was utilized in only 9 (2.9%) cases. Complications observed during the review period were palpable plate and screws in 26 (8.4%) patients. These palpable plates and screws, however, did not necessitate plate and screw removal from any of these patients. Conclusion: Most of the ZMCF were treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation. Advances in imaging, surgical technique, and materials for fixation have allowed for improved functional and esthetic outcomes.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease, normally associated with oral lesions that generally affects patients aged 40–60 years. PV manifests as extremely painful and persistent oral lesions. Here, we present a case series of PV (one male and two female patients with age between 35 and 50 years). It is an attempt to highlight its importance in diagnosis along with the review of literature on its molecular aspect.