Background: Oral health is an inseparable part of general health and there are large number of factors that influence the oral health of an individual such as attitude, awareness, literacy etc., The present study was carried out to assess the oral hygiene practices, attitude, and assess barriers among patients visiting the out-patient department (OPD) of Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Rajpura. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 subjects who visited the OPD of Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital. A self-constructed questionnaire was given to each of the participant. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS package version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Number, percentages, and Chi-square test were used to do the necessary calculations. P < 0.05 was used to denote the statistical significance. Result: Majority of the subjects (62.8%) belonged to rural areas. 59.5% subjects had never visited dentist before. Lack of time was cited as a major barrier by majority of the subjects to avail dental treatment. A major proportion of the study subjects (64%) used to brush their teeth at least once a day. Smoking and chewing tobacco were reported by 17.6% of the male subjects and 4.2% of the female subjects. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for comprehensive educational programs to promote good oral health and impart oral health education so that barriers to oral health can be reduced.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess whether the positioning of the impression tray could cause distortion to plaster casts during gypsum setting time.Materials and Methods: Fifteen pairs of master models were cast with alginate impression material and immediately filled with gypsum. Impressions were allowed to set with the tray in the noninverted position (Group A) or in the inverted position (Group B). The plaster models were digitized using a laser scanner (3Shape R-700, 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Measurements of tooth size and distance were obtained using O3d software (Widialabs, Brazil) measurement tools. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and linear regression with 5% significance.Results and Conclusion: Most of the measurements from both groups were similar, except forthe lower intermolar distance. It was not possible to corroborate the presence of distortions due to the position of the impression tray during gypsum setting time.

Background: Dental implant is an artificial tooth root-fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as propolis coating seem to enhance early peri-implant bone formation, enhancing the initial cell attachment. The aim of the study was to study the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and type I collagen (COLL1) as bone formation markers in propolis-coated and -uncoated implant in interval periods (1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) implants, coated with propolis protein, were placed in the tibias of 40 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of OC and COLL1were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for (1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks) healing intervals. Results: Histological finding for coated titanium implant with propolis illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization, and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for OC and COLL1 was expressed by osteoblast cells at implants coated with propolis, indicating that bone formation and maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface. Conclusion: The present study concludes that coating of implants with propolis showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period.

Objectives: Bone substitutes (BSs) used in oral surgery include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials that are frequently used to compensate bone loss or to reinforce repaired bone by encouraging new bone in growth into the defect site. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of physical and chemical properties in a variety of allografts biomaterials used in oral surgery and to compare them with those of autogenous bone. Materials and Methods: Autogenous bone and three different allograft biomaterials were studied by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic absorption spectrometry, laser diffraction, and checked for their chemical composition, calcium release concentration, crystallinity, and granulation size. Results: The highest calcium release concentration was 24.94 mg/g for Puros ^® and the lowest one was 4.05 mg/g for OsteoSponge ^® compared to 20.15 mg/g to natural bone. The range of particles size, in term of median size D ₅₀ , varied between 630.47 μm for Puros ^® and 902.41μm for OsteoSponge, ^® compared to 282.1μm for natural bone. Bone and Puros ^® displayed a hexagonal shape as bone except and OsteoSponge ^® which showed a triclinic shape. Conclusion: A BS of choice depends largely on its clinical application that is associated to its biological and mechanical performance. These morphological differences between biomaterials greatly influence their in vivo behavior of biomaterials. Significant differences were detected in terms of calcium concentration, particles size, and crystallinity.

Aims: To determine and compare the palatal dimensions in mixed Indian population with different malocclusions and to find correlation among them. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 152 study models of children aged 13-16 years consisting of 76 males and 76 females obtained from Govt. teaching institution divided into Angle's Class I (40), Class II (80) and Class III (32) based on molar relationship and cephalometric evaluation. Ten palatal parameters were measured using Korkhaus gauge, which included arch width at the canine, 1 ^st premolar, 2 ^nd premolar and 1 ^st molar, arch length, palatal depth at canine, 1 ^st premolar, 2 ^nd premolar, and 1 ^st molar and arch perimeter. The mean and standard deviation were calculated, analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent student t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Angle's Class I occlusion group showed widest intercanine width. Palatal depth was shallowest in Class II Div 2 malocclusion and Class III malocclusion group showed shortest arch length and arch perimeter. There was no difference in palatal dimensions in between gender. Various palatal parameters were co related to each other. Conclusions: Significant differences existed in most of palatal dimensions among different types of Angle's occlusal relationships but no significant changes were observed among two genders. Many palatal dimension parameters were correlated to each other.

Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a cell-mediated inflammatory condition of the oral cavity with propensity for malignant transformation. Often classified as an autoimmune disorder, the pathogenesis of the lesion is still under debate. The presence of mast cells (MCs) and melanocytes (MNs) has been identified as an integral part of the cellular reaction in all stages of the disorder. Aims: The present study aims to qualify, localize and quantify MCs and MNs in OLP and normal oral mucosa (NOM) using special stains and image analysis software. Computations and correlations between the numbers and localization of the cells in different layers of the tissue were done.Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of OLP and 10 cases of NOM were included. MCs were identified by their metachromasia using Toluidine blue and the MNs by Masson's Fontana stain. A localization and quantification of the numbers of the two cell groups was done by image analysis and statistically correlated by two sample t-test. Results: The total count of mast cells and melanocytes was more in OLP in comparison to that of NOM. The MCs were present in the deeper tissues in contrast to MNs which were localized only to the basal and sub-basal areas. MNs appeared to proliferate and migrate to the subepithelial areas in OLPs in contrast to their strong localization to the basal layer in NOM. The ratio of MCs/MNs was higher in OLP compared with NOM. Interestingly the toluidine blue stain showed cross-sensitivity in expression of both MCs and MNs in OLP. Conclusion: MCs and MNs are expressed in increased numbers in OLP and probably have a synergistic mode of action in the pathogenesis of the disorder. The spilling out of MNs in OLP to the sub-basal areas is consistent with the clinical observation of pigmentation in healed/under remission OLP cases.

Background: After third molars, the maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted permanent teeth and one-third of these are labial impactions. Impacted canines often require orthodontic guidance in the eruption. This study was conducted to assess the posttreatment results of surgically exposed and orthodontically aligned labially impacted maxillary canines comparing two different surgical techniques. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two phases, a surgical phase and an orthodontic phase. In surgical phase, events during surgical exposure and recovery of 31 patients with labially impacted maxillary canine were recorded. Patients were managed with open and closed eruption technique. The assessment included comparison of two techniques of surgical exposure, postoperative pain, mobility, vitality, periodontal health, level of impaction, and duration of orthodontic treatment. Results: The postoperative recovery was longer after open eruption than close eruption technique (P = 0.000). Postoperative pain experienced by patients was similar, but regression of pain was faster in closed eruption technique. The mean surgical time for open eruption technique was lesser when compared with closed eruption technique (P = 0.000). The total duration of orthodontic treatment was directly dependent upon the level of impaction, with deeper level of impaction having longer duration of orthodontic treatment. The mobility and vitality of guided canine was similar in both techniques. Conclusion: The closed eruption technique was a longer surgical procedure, but the postoperative pain regression was faster. The duration of orthodontic treatment was longer with deeper level of impaction. The closed eruption surgical techniques provide better periodontal tissues around the guided erupted teeth.

To plan and execute rehabilitation of a decimated dentition is probably one of the most intellectually and technically demanding tasks faced by any prosthodontist. Attachments are small interlocking devices, which are used to connect prosthesis and abutments that offer a variety of solutions to challenge of balance between functional stability and cosmetic appeal. This clinical report describes a multidisciplinary approach for complete oral rehabilitation of a patient with few remaining natural teeth using precision attachment (ceka Preci-Clix Radicular RC) for mandibular overdenture and semi precision attachment (ceka revax extracoronal and ceka vertix) for maxillary cast partial denture.

The enhancement of indirect restorations along the advancement of adhesive systems made possible the preservation of tooth structure through the completion of minimal wear. The laminates ceramics veneers type "contact lens" are presented as a great option when compared to other restorations and excellent results can be noted in a conservative approach. The indication and proper planning are critical to the success of treatment. The present case aims to show the restoration of height and shape of lateral incisors combining the wishes of the patient to the possibilities that dentistry has to offer.

Hemolymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels, which are filled with blood. Although they are benign, they can undergo progressive growth with compression and infiltration of adjacent structures. The management of lymphangiomas in the head and neck region is still challenging. Surgery has been the main form of treatment, but total removal is not possible in all cases because of the extent of the lesions, which sometimes involve vital structures. This was a case report of 7-year-old female patient presented with a nontender swelling in the submandibular region, which was clinically diagnosed as branchial cleft cyst, but the microscopic examination revealed the presence of hemolymphangioma.

The virus of scientific dishonesty has spread across the globe and in all age groups, students as well as faculties. Copying text, figures, tables from other published material without giving due credit are rampant. This kind of act will not only defame the individual, but also puts forth a question mark on the integrity of practitioners in general. The concept of plagiarism is by no means simple or an unambiguous one, yet unless we are clear on this, we cannot begin to make any kind of progress on the practical measures that need to be taken to reduce it. In what follows, we will attempt to explore the confusions and contradictions in the way the term is currently used, and an attempt is made to relocate its meaning such that at least some information and knowledge can be imbibed.